Lethal and subletha effects of sponge overgrowth on introduced dreissenid
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چکیده
Freshwater sponges in the Great Lakes St. Lawrence River system overgrow and kill introduced zebra (Dreissena pulymorpkza) and quagga mussels (DreisLse?aa bugerasis) on solid substrates. Sponges overgrow and smother mussel siphons, thereby interfering with normal feeding and respiration. We tested the significance of sponge-enhanced mussel mortality by repeated sampling at several sites where both organisms were abundant in the upper St. Lawrence River and on an artificial reef in central Lake Erie. A small proportion ( ~ 1 0 % ) of the dreissenid population at each site was overgrown by sponge. Mussel colonies that were completely overgrown for 1 or more months invariably contained a significantly greater proportion of dead mussels than local uncovered populations. Mussels that survived prolonged periods (4-6 months) of overgrowth suffered significant tissue weight losses. Laboratory experiments and field observations suggest that dreissenids are not able to colonize sponges; therefore, sponges should always dominate competitive overgrowth situations. The overall impact of sponges on dreissenid populations in the Great Lakes St. Lawrence River system will probably be negligible because of the high rate of mussel recruitment and the environmental constraints on sponge growth; however, our results suggest that sponges may control mussel abundance locally. RCsumC : Dans le rCseau du fleuve Saint-Laurent et des Grands Lacs, des Cponges d'eau douee recouvrent et tuent les bivalves introduits que sont la mode zCbrCe (Dreissena polymorpha) et la moule couagga (Dreissena bugensis) sur des substrats solides. Les Cponges recouvrent et obstruent les siphons des moules, nuisant ainsi B leur alimentation et B leur respiration. Nous awns mesure I'irnportance de la mortalit6 des moules due aux Cponges B l'aide d'Cchantillonnages rCpCtks ii plusieurs sites du fleuve Saint-Laurent et sur un rCcif artificiel du lac Brie, 06 ces deux srganismes Ctaient abondants. Une petite proportion (moins de 18%) de la population de dreissCnidCs de chaque site Ctait recouverte par les Cponges. Les colonies de rnoules qui 6taient complktement recouvertes pendant 1 ou plusieurs mois contenaient invariablement bane proportion significativement plus ClevCe de moules mortes que les populations locales non recouvenbes. Les moules qui ont survCcu i des pCriodes de recouvrement prolongkes (4-6 mois) presentaient des diminutions significatives de poids des tissus. Des exp5riences en laboratoire et des observation in situ suggkrent que les dreissknidks ne sont pas capables de coloniser les Cponges; par conskquent, les Cponges devraient toujours 19emporter dans les situations de compCtition pour le recouvrement. L'impact global des kponges sur les populations de dreissCnidCs du rkseau du fleuve Saint-Laurent et des Grands Lacs sera probablernent nkgligeable B cause du fort taux de recruternent des moules et des contraintes environnernentales limitant la croissance des Cponges; toutefois, nos rksultats suggkrent que les Cponges pourraient limiter localement I'abondance des moules. ['Pkaduit par la Redaction] Received February 23, 1995. Accepted June 20, 1995. 5 12794 A. Rieelardf.' Department of Biology, McGill University. 1205, avenue du Docteur Penfield, MontrCal, QC H3A 1B I , Canada, F.L. Snyder and D.O. KeIeh. Ohio State University Extension Sea Grant Program, Port Clinton, OH 43452, U.S.A. H.M. Weiswig. Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McSill University, 1205, avenue du Docteur Penfield, MontrCal, QC H3A I I3 I , Canada. Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sei. 52: 2695-2703 (1995). Printed in Canada / Imprime au Canada Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. Vol. 52, 1995
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تاریخ انتشار 2007